Measurement

Looking especially at economic globalization demonstrates that it can be measured in dissimilar ways. This center around the four main economic flows that characterize globalization:

• Goods and services, e.g., exports plus imports as a amount of national income or per capital of inhabitants
• Labor/people, e.g., net migration rates; inward or outward migration flows, weighted by inhabitants
• Capital, e.g., inward or outward direct asset as a amount of national income or per head of inhabitants
• Technology, e.g., global research & growth flows; part of populations (and rates of change thereof) using exacting inventions (especially 'factor-neutral' technological advances such as the telephone, motorcar, broadband)

As globalization is not only an economic occurrence, a multivariate loom to measuring globalization is the fresh index intended by the Swiss think tank KOF. The index measures the three main dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and following. In adding to three indices measuring this size, an in general index of globalization and sub-indices referring to real economic flows, financial restrictions, and data on personal call, data on information flows, and data on educational nearness is intended. Data is obtainable on a yearly basis for 122 countries, as full in Dresher, Gaston and Martens (2008). According to the directory, the world's most globalized country is Belgium, followed by Austria, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The least globalized countries according to the KOF-index are Haiti, Myanmar, the Central African Republic and Burundi. A.T. Kearney and Foreign Policy periodical jointly publish one more Globalization Index. According to the 2006 index, Singapore, Ireland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada and Denmark are the most globalized, while Indonesia, India and Iran are the least globalized amid countries scheduled

 

NEGATIVE DASH

 

THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF: 

See also: Alter-globalization, Participatory economics, and Global Justice Movement  Globalization has been one of the most hotly debated topics in international finances over the past few years. Globalization has also generated important international resistance over concerns that it has increased disparity and environmental degradation. In the Midwestern United States, globalization has eaten away at its spirited edge in business and agriculture, lowering the quality of life in locations that lack the occasion to adapt to the change

Sweatshops

A macula in Mexico from its own soil, large corporations see an opportunity to take advantage of the "export It can be said that globalization is the door that opens up an otherwise resource-poor country to  the international

market. Where a country has little material or physical product harvested or mined economic globalization are recorded as being the expansion of businesses and company growth, in many poorer nations globalization is really the result of the overseas businesses investing in the country to take benefit of the lower wage rate: even though investing, by increasing the Capital Stock of the country, increases their wage rate. poverty" of such a nation. Where the majority of the earliest occurrences of

The world today is so interconnected that the fall down of the subprime mortgage market in the U.S. has led to a global financial crisis and recession on a level not seen since the Great Depression. Government deregulation and failed regulation of Wall Street's investment banks were significant contributors to the subprime mortgage crisis.

A flood of customer goods such as televisions, radios, bicycles, and textiles into the United States, Europe, and Japan has helped petroleum the financial development of Asian tiger economies in fresh decades. However, Chinese textile and clothing exports have recently encountered criticism from Europe, the United States and some African countries. In South Africa, some 300,000 textile workers have lost their jobs due to the arrival of Chinese goods. The increasing U.S. trade deficit with China has cost 2.4 million American jobs between 2001 and 2008, according to a study by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI).^[ A total of 3.2 million – one in six U.S. factory jobs – have disappeared between 2000 and 2007.

 

Brain drain

Opportunities in wealthier countries drive flair away from poorer countries, leading to brain drains. Brain use up has cost the African continent over $4.1 billion in the employment of 150,000 expatriate professionals annually. Indian students going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually Burning forest in Brazil.

The elimination of forest to make way for cattle ranching was the leading reason of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon from the mid 1960s. Recently, soybeans have become one of the most important contributors to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.

The World watch Institute said the booming economies of China and India are planetary powers that are shaping the global biosphere. In 2007, China overtook the United States as the world's biggest producer of CO₂. At present rates, tropical rainforests in Indonesia would be logged out in 10 years, Papua New Guinea in 13 to 16 years. A main basis of deforestation is the logging industry, driven spectacularly by China and Japan. Thriving economies such as China and India are quickly becoming large oil consumers. China has seen oil consumption grow by 8% yearly since 2002, doubling from 1996–2006. Crude oil prices in the last several years have steadily risen from about $25 a barrel in August 2003 to over $140 a barrel in July 2008. State of the World 2006 report said the two countries' high economic growth hid a reality of severe pollution. The report states:

 

The world's environmental ability is simply inadequate to please the ambitions of China, India, and Japan, Europe and the United States as well as the aspirations of the rest of the world in a sustainable way

Without more recycling, zinc could be used up by 2037, both indium and hafnium could run out by 2017, and terbium could be gone before 2012. It is said that if China and India were to consume as much resources per capita as United States or Japan in 2030 jointly they would require a full world Earth to meet their needs. In the long-term these property can lead to augmented clash over dwindling capital and in the nastiest case a Malthusian catastrophe.

Food security

The head of the International Food Policy Research Institute, stated in 2008 that the gradual change in diet among newly wealthy populations is the most significant factor foundation the rise in global food prices. From 1950 to 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%. The world population has grown by about 4 billion since the beginning of the Green Revolution and most consider that, without the Revolution, there would be better famine and malnutrition than the UN currently documents (approximately 850 million people suffering from chronic malnutrition in 2005).

 

It is becoming increasingly difficult to continue food security in a world beset by a meeting of "peak" phenomena, namely peak oil, peak water, peak phosphorus, peak grain and peak fish. Growing populations, falling energy sources and food shortages will create the "perfect storm" by 2030, according to the UK government chief scientist. He said food reserves are at a 50-year low but the world requires 50% more energy, food and water by 2030. The world will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a predictable extra 2.3 billion people and as incomes rise, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warned. Social scientists have warned of the possibility that global civilization is due for a period of contraction and economic re-localization, due to the decline in fossil fuels and resulting crisis in transportation and food production. One paper even suggested that the future might even bring about a restoration of sustainable local economic activities based on hunting and gathering, shifting horticulture, and pastoralist

Disease

Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital and people across political and geographic boundaries, has also helped to spread some of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans. Starting in Asia, the Black Death killed at least one-third of Europe's population in the 14th century.^] Even worse devastation was inflicted on the American super continent by Europe. For instance 90% of the populations of the civilizations of the "New World" such as the Aztec, Maya, and Inca were killed by small pox brought by European colonization. Modern modes of transportation allow more people and products to travel around the world at a faster pace, they also open the airways to the transcontinental movement of infectious disease vectors. One example of this occurring is AIDS/HIV. Approximately 1.1 million persons are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States, and AIDS remains the leading cause of death among African American women between ages 25 and 34. Due to immigration, approximately 500,000 people in the United States are believed to be infected with Chagas disease. In 2006, the tuberculosis (TB) rate among foreign-born persons in the United States was 9.5 times that of U.S.-born persons.

Problem Statement

In today’s post-Cold War world, safety covers many areas to comprise: religious-cultural, socio-economic, and politico-military concerns. Some of the optimistic aspects of the post-Cold War world are the greater than before economic addition of free markets, technologies, and even countries (as in the European Union). Some unenthusiastic aspects comprise the idea that the security surroundings is lasting an “unbalanced peace” and a sure amount of chaos exists caused by a countless of following instabilities and folks looking for to cause more deterioration.

Continuing global economic addition is incompatible with global following aggression. General causes of instabilities be apt to be browbeaten by bad guys such as scoundrel states, insurgents, terrorists, political actors, drug traffickers, organized crime syndicates, militant fundamentalists, and many others with a reason and will to inflict their self-determined needs to alter a society, nation-state, or other apparent basis of power, in an image that fits their philosophy.
To make sure their continued existence nation-states like Bangladesh have to wield their authority, through many dissimilar means; some states, clearly, are more able having extra means than others. Determining how best to wield powers of state and next to who to exert power is one of the main creeds of safety policy. Leaders of states have to decide what are the wellbeing of the state vis-à-vis the people it represents and take into thought intimidation the state faces. With the safety of the state, and hopefully more so the security of the people, being supreme, a short review of the types of intimidation confronting nation-states seems rather appropriate.
Threats to nation-states will the majority likely come from one or more of three types: internal (locally disaffected persons), outside (hostile neighbors) or asymmetric (Weapon of Mass Destructions, Cyber/Infrastructure attacks, Drug traffickers, ultra-criminals, and terrorists). Threats Bangladesh is probable to countenance over the coming decades fit within this build. Notable are: propagation of drugs and arms, enlargement of prearranged crime, disillusioned minorities (ethnic and religious) resultant in rebellion, foreign cleverness services using Bangladesh to their benefit, insurgents from adjacent north-east India attempting to hide-out, and the rise of spiritual fundamentalism attempting to win authority through rebellion. Arrayed next to Bangladesh are healthy threats that should anxiety its leaders. Leaders should think how these threats are more or less probable to arise, and how to battle or, even better; stop this intimidation from becoming instant dangers.
One main cause of anxiety currently being focused on all through the world is the view that globalization is a safety threat to the condition and permits the propagation of the intimidation affirmed above. It seems easy to just fling the woes of the earth, all the safety concerns at the feet of a newly artificial word--globalization. “At times, it reach a level anywhere all the ills of the country, including contamination and deforestation, even alternative bashing and the auction of gas, are explained by handle pointing at the military of globalization.” Essential to being clever to blame this new word would be a tacit sympathetic of what is destined by it.

Bangladesh as a rising country is not resistant to the challenges of globalization. In the age of globalization, she is confronted with intimidation emanating from both outside and interior sources. Under the crash of globalization, growth and economic safety insight in Bangladesh has undergone some audible changes over the past few years. Bangladesh faces very important challenges in terms of environmental honesty, monetary stability, individuality and communal unity from national, local and global levels. The country needs to defend her socio-economic, following and ecological wellbeing to face the challenges in the era of globalization. There is a convincing need to widen the scope for wealth through the formation of a contemporary and efficient economy. The challenge previous to the country is how to reach this goal in an surroundings where major economic decisions moving nationwide life are often resolute by the global market.
Economic globalization is a procedure of rapid financial addition flanked by countries that is ambitious by the rising liberalization of global trade and overseas direct asset. Liberalization of the economy in Bangladesh seemed an predictable measure to meet the economic challenges of globalization. Whether it has resulting payback for the country or not leftovers a point to be analyzed

The positive dash of globalization

Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways such as:

Industrial - emergence of worldwide manufacture markets and broader admission to a variety of overseas crop for customers and companies. Particularly group of material and goods flanked by and inside nationwide limits. International deal in artificial goods augmented more than 100 times (from $95 billion to $12 trillion) in the 50 years since 1955. China's trade with Africa rise sevenfold during 2000-07 alone.

Financial - emergence of universal monetary markets and better admission to external financing for borrowers. By the early fraction of the 21st century more than $1.5 trillion in national money were traded every day to hold the protracted levels of deal and asset. As these universal structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010.

Economic - realization of a global ordinary market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital. The interconnectedness of these markets, however, destined that an economic collapse in any one given country could not be restricted.

Almost all notable universal IT companies are now present in India. Four Indians were among the world's top 10 richest in 2008, worth a joint $160 billion. In 2007, China had 415,000 millionaires and India 123,000.

Health Policy - On the global scale, health becomes a product. In rising nations under the stress of Structural Adjustment Programs, health systems are disjointed and privatized. Global health policy makers have shifted during the 1990s from United Nations players to economic institutions. The result of this power change is an increase in privatization in the health division. This privatization fragments health policy by crowding it with many players with many private interests. These fragmented policy players highlight partnerships, specific interventions to combat specific problems (as opposed to comprehensive health strategies). Influenced by global deal and global economy, health policy is directed by technical advances and pioneering medical trade. Global priority, in this situation, is sometimes at odds with national priorities where increased health infrastructure and basic primary care are of more value to the public than privatized care for the wealthy.

Political - some use "globalization" to mean the configuration of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization. Politically, the United States has enjoyed a place of authority among the world powers, in part because of its burly and wealthy economy. With the power of globalization and with the help of The United States’ own economy, the People's Republic of China has knowledgeable some marvelous enlargement within the past decade. If China continues to produce at the speed predictable by the trends, then it is very probable that in the next twenty years, there will be a major reallocation of authority among the world leaders. China will have sufficient wealth, industry, and technology to rival the United States for the place of leading world power.

Informational - augment in information flows between in nature remote locations. Arguably this is a technical change with the arrival of fiber optic infrastructure, satellites, and increased availability of phone and Internet.

 

Language - the most popular language is Mandarin (845 million speakers) followed by Spanish (329 million speakers) and English (328million speakers).

About 35% of the world's mail, telexes, and cables are in English.

Approximately 40% of the world's radio programs are in English.

About 50% of all Internet transfer uses English.

Competition - Survival in the new global business marketplace calls for improved output and augmented rivalry. Due to the market becoming universal, companies in various industries have to improve their crop and use skill competently in order to face augmented competition.

Ecological - the advent of global ecological challenges that strength be solved with international collaboration, such as weather change, cross-boundary water and air contamination, over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of enveloping class. Since many factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation, globalism and free trade may increase pollution. On the other hand, economic development historically required a "dirty" industrial stage, and it is argued that developing countries should not, via directive, be forbidden from raising their standard of living.
Britain is a country of rich variety. As of 2008, 40% of London's total inhabitants were from an racial alternative group. The latest official information show that in 2008, 590,000 people arrived to live in the UK whilst 427,000 left, meaning that net inward migration was 163,000.

Cultural - growth of cross-cultural associates; arrival of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural dispersal, the wish to add to one's standard of livelihood and like overseas crop and ideas, adopt new skill and practices, and contribute in a "world culture". Some bemoan the resulting consumerism and loss of languages. Also see Transformation of civilization.

Spreading of multiculturalism, and better person access to educational diversity (e.g. through the export of Hollywood). Some think such "imported" civilization a hazard, since it may displace the restricted culture, causing reduction in variety or even assimilation. Others think multiculturalism to endorse peace and sympathetic flanked by people. A third place that gained fame is the idea that multiculturalism to a new form of monoculture in which no distinctions exist and everyone just shift between various lifestyles in terms of music, cloth and other aspect once more firmly close to a single civilization. Thus not mere cultural absorption as mentioned above but the destruction of civilization as we know it today.In reality, as it happens in countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia or New Zealand, people who always lived in their native countries maintain their cultures without feeling forced by any reason to accept another and are arrogant of it even when they're accretive of immigrants, while people who are recently here simply keep their own civilization or part of it despite some minimum amount of absorption, although aspects of their civilization often become a interest and a daily feature of the lives of the people of the welcoming countries.

Greater global travel and tourism. WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any one time? In 2008, there were over 922 million global tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007.

Greater immigration, including unlawful immigration. The IOM estimates there are more than 200 million migrants around the world today. Newly available data show that payment flows to rising countries reached $328 billion in 2008. Spread of local consumer products (e.g., food) to other countries (often adapted to their culture). Worldwide fads and pop civilization such as Pokémon, Sudoku, Nuka Nuka, Origami, Idol series, YouTube, Rout, Face book, and MySpace. Accessible to those who have Internet or Television, send-off out a substantial segment of the Earth's population.

The construction of continental hotels is a main result of globalization procedure in association with tourism and travel industry, Darkish Grand Hotel, Kish, Iran.

Worldwide fair events such as FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games.

Incorporation of international corporations into new media. As the sponsors of the All-Blacks rugby team, Adidas had shaped a similar website with a downloadable interactive rugby game for its fans to play and compete.

Social - development of the scheme of non-governmental organizations as main agents of global public policy, including caring aid and developmental labors.

Technical

international corporations into new media. As the sponsors of the All-Blacks rugby team, Adidas had shapeda similar website with a downloadable interactive rugby game for its fans to play and compete.

Social - development of the scheme of non-governmental organizations as main agents of global public policy, including caring aid and developmental labors.

Technical

 Development of a Global Information System, global telecommunications communications and better transformer data flow, using such technologies as the Internet, communication satellites, submarine fiber optic cable, and wireless telephones

Increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g., copyright laws, patents and world trade agreements.

Legal/Ethical

The creation of the international criminal court and international fairness movements.

Crime importation and raising alertness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation.

The emergence of Global administrative law.

Religious

The spread and augmented interrelations of various religious groups, ideas, and practices and their ideas of the meanings and values of particular spaces.